Examine ANY FIVE (5) key challenges faced by institutions of learning in developing countries whenimplementing ICT solutions.
Inadequate physical infrastructure — limited or poor-quality internet connectivity, insufficient networking equipment, lack of computer labs and up-to-date hardware.
Unreliable power supply and maintenance issues — frequent outages, lack of backup power, and weak technical maintenance systems that reduce system availability.
Insufficient funding and high implementation costs — constrained budgets for procurement, licensing, ongoing subscriptions, and upgrades.
Lack of trained human resources and ICT literacy — shortage of qualified IT staff, limited teacher training, and low digital skills among students and faculty.
Weak policy, governance and sustainability frameworks — unclear strategies, poor procurement practices, lack of local content, resistance to change, and difficulties ensuring long-term operation and scalability.
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