Category: Economics

➤ How do governments fund and maintain these public facilities?
Governments fund infrastructure through taxes, user fees, general obligation bonds, and targeted grants. They also use public-private partnerships and development levies for large projects. Maintenance comes from dedicated budgets, asset management plans, and scheduled rehabilitation. Lifecycle planning and routine inspections help prevent costly failures and extend service life of roads, pipes, schools, and hospitals.

➤ Why does intelligence create endogeneity when studying education’s effect on success?
Intelligence creates endogeneity when it affects both education and success but is left out of the model. If intelligence correlates with education and also with outcomes, the estimated effect of education captures part of intelligence’s effect. This omitted confounder biases OLS estimates and misleads causal interpretation.

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Assume the following: sales price is $9, output is 5000 units. average total ocst is $12. margianl cost is $9, and aberage varible cost is $7. In the short run what should the firm do and why

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Question 10 (0.5 points)Proponents of deregulation point to all of the following industries as examples ofsuccessful deregulation except forairlines.pharmaceuticals.railroads.interstate trucking.