Category: Economics

Consumer burden and consumer surplus mean the exact same thing. TrueFalse

please help me answer and explain how to do this i dont know what to do.

the most fundamental factor in engineering economy is F| A true or false

the percieved probability the performance will lead to desired outcomes

Briefly discuss the key provisions of the Pension Protection Act of 2006.
Key provisions (brief)
Stronger funding rules for defined benefit plans:
The Act tightened funding standards and increased minimum required contributions, including shorter amortization of underfunding and measures to reduce long-term funding shortfalls.
PBGC changes and premiums:
Increased Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) premiums and introduced a variable-rate premium tied to a plan’s level of underfunding to improve PBGC’s financial position.
Participant protections and disclosures:
Enhanced participant notice requirements, including an annual funding notice summarizing a defined benefit plan’s funded status and the extent of PBGC protection.
Automatic rollovers and cash-out rules:
Allowed employers to automatically roll small account balances (generally $1,000–$5,000) into an IRA for separated participants, reducing involuntary cash-outs and preserving retirement savings.
Encouragement of automatic enrollment and QDIAs:
Promoted automatic-contribution arrangements for 401(k) and other DC plans and provided safe-harbor relief for fiduciaries using qualified default investment alternatives (QDIA), making automatic enrollment more widely adopted.
403(b) and plan modernization:
Modernized rules for 403(b) plans, expanding flexibility for employers and allowing greater portability and use of standardized plan documents.
Incentives for retirement savings and compliance:
Included tax and administrative provisions to encourage employer and employee retirement contributions and tightened compliance and enforcement mechanisms for pension funding and plan operations.